Tham khảo Sự_biến_Tào_Thạch

  • Minh sử
  • Boorman, Howard L.; Cheng, Joseph K. H. (1970). Biographical Dictionary of Republican China. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-08957-0.
  • Meng, Sen (1967). Mingdai Shi. Taipei: Zhonghua congshu weiyuan hui.
  • Okuyama, Norio (1977). “Sō Kin no ran no ichi kōsatsu: Mindai chūki no keiei kaikaku to no kanren ni oite”. Hokudai shigaku. tr. 25–36.
  • Robinson, David M. (1999). “Politics, Force and Ethnicity in Ming China: Mongols and the Abortive Coup of 1461”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 59 (1): 79–123. JSTOR 2652684.
  • Robinson, David M.. 1999. "Politics, Force and Ethnicity in Ming China: Mongols and the Abortive Coup of 1461". Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 59 (1). Harvard-Yenching Institute: 79–123. doi:10.2307/2652684.
  • Serruys, Henry (1959). “Mongols Ennobled During The Early Ming”. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. 22: 209–260. JSTOR 2718543.
  • Serruys, Henry (1967). Sino-Mongol Relations During the Ming: The Tribute System and Diplomatic Missions (1400–1600). Bruxelles: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises.
  • Tang, Gang; Bingwen, Nan (1985). Mingshi. Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe.
  • Wu, Tingyun (1989). “Tumu zhi bian qianhou de Menggu xiangren”. Hebei xuekan. tr. 106–111.